Russian President Vladimir Putin and Chinese President Xi Jinping met in Kazakhstan for the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) summit, their second meeting in two months. The SCO, founded in 2001 by China and Russia, addresses security concerns in Central Asia. Members include Iran, India, Pakistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan, with observer states like Turkey and Saudi Arabia. Attendees include leaders from Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan.