Scientists have discovered that Florida carpenter ants perform amputations on injured nestmates to prevent infection, similar to historical human medical practices. This behavior, observed in laboratory conditions, marks the first recorded instance of nonhuman animals performing such surgeries. The ants can differentiate between wound types and adapt their healing responses, showcasing sophisticated care strategies. Unlike some ants, Florida carpenter ants lack antimicrobial secretions, making their amputation practice crucial for survival. The study, led by Erik Frank and published in Current Biology, highlights the ants’ advanced medical care.