China’s population declined for the third consecutive year, reaching 1.408 billion by the end of 2024, a drop of 1.39 million. This trend mirrors global patterns, particularly in East Asia, where birth rates are falling due to rising living costs and career priorities. China’s aging population and low immigration exacerbate the issue. Historically, China’s population surged post-World War II, but concerns over resources led to the “one child policy,” which faced criticism for its harsh enforcement. Despite efforts to curb gender-selective abortions, challenges persist.