At least 31 Palestinians were killed in Israeli airstrikes on Gaza, with significant casualties in northern areas amid a month-long military campaign. Palestinians accuse Israel of “ethnic cleansing” through forced evacuations, which Israel denies, citing efforts to combat Hamas militants. The offensive has hindered a polio vaccination campaign, with reports of a clinic coming under fire. Despite a humanitarian pause for vaccinations, tensions remain high. The Israeli military has increased its presence in Jabalia, claiming hundreds of militants have been killed since early October.