Cockroaches carry numerous diseases, making them a common target for bug sprays. However, new research indicates that consumer-grade pesticides, particularly those with pyrethroids, are often ineffective and potentially harmful to humans. A study in the Journal of Economic Entomology found that products like Raid, Hot Shot, Ortho Home Defense, and Spectracide Bug Stop were only sporadically effective against German cockroaches. The study noted that while direct application killed insects, effectiveness dropped significantly with limited exposure.